HISTORICAL EVENTS THAT TOOK PLACE ON THIS DAY IN CANADA

29 June

King Resigns - Canada Without Government

Some of the story of William Lyon Mackenzie King was told on April 21. He was Prime Minister of Canada for more than 20 years, a longer record of service than any other man. It was interrupted only twice and one of those occasions happened on June 29, 1926. The episode, one of the most exciting in the history of Canada's Parliament, has come to be known as "the constitutional crisis." Canada had no prime minister or cabinet.

There had been a general election in October 1925, in which the Conservatives under Arthur Meighen won 1 17 seats to 101 for the Liberals. Mackenzie King had been beaten in his own constituency of North York. Progressives, Independents, and Labour had won another 30 seats among them. Mackenzie King maintained that the so-called "splinter parties" would support him. With their 30 seats plus the Liberals 101, he could carry on the government. Governor-General Lord Byng (who had commanded the Canadian Army at Vimy), agreed that King should be given the opportunity. The Liberal member for Prince Albert, Saskatchewan, resigned to provide a safe seat for Mackenzie King. He won the necessary by-election there and was able to take his place in the House of Commons.

Coalition with the splinter parties might have kept the government in power for a long time. Prime Minister King won their support by promising to bring in old-age pensions and liberalize the Immigration Act, Naturalization Act and Criminal Code. However, there was a scandal in the Customs Department in which a Liberal Minister, Jacques Bureau, was involved. The government faced the possibility of being beaten in the House of Commons. It would have been the first time it had ever happened in Canada.

Prime Minister King paid several calls on Governor-General Byng at Rideau Hall and ^urged that Parliament be dissolved. He ^wanted another general election. The fir_st discussions were on an informal basis. On the occasion of his last call, Mr. King arrived in top hat and formal attire. He made it clear that he had come officially as prime minister to advise the Governor-General. Once again he advised Lord Byng to dissolve Parliament to make possible another general election. Lord Byng refused. He felt that Opposition Leader Meighen should be given a chance to form the government. It was a very serious decision for a governor-general to reject the advice of his prime minister.

Thereupon, on June 28, 1926, Mr. King handed his resignation to the Governor-General. So on June 29, technically, Canada had no government.

Lord Byng then asked Mr. Meighen to form a government and he agreed. In those clays, when a Member of Parliament was appointed to the cabinet, he had to resign his seat and run in a by-election. Therefore Mr. Meighen, although prime minister, had to give up his seat in the House of Commons. He kept the members of his cabinet there by making them "acting ministers" only. They did not draw pay as cabinet ministers. Neither did they take an oath of office.

The Meighen government lasted until July 2 when it was defeated by one vote, after a very exciting division in the House. It was then necessary to hold another general election. One of the chief issues was whether a governor-general had the right to reject the advice of his prime minister. The Conservatives won only 91 seats and the Liberals had 1 19. With the support of the Liberal-Progressives and a number of independent members, Mackenzie King formed a government. Once again he was prime minister.

29 June

-1871    The British North America Act was amended by Britain, and gave the Canadian Government the right to establish new provinces and alter boundaries.